The Pivot Points of Alcohol Consumption Control essays

The Pivot Points of Alcohol Consumption Control papers For a huge number of years liquor has been viewed by society as a brief departure from the real world and the pressures of regular day to day existence. Individuals use liquor to decrease worry, to unwind, and to appreciate a goodbye. This ought to be the genuine motivation behind liquor drinking. This is the manner by which liquor ought to be viewed. There ought to be no explanation behind liquor drinking to be viewed as negative activity. Drinking liquor in any case, is in actuality viewed as a negative activity by society and the administration. This isn't a direct result of the activity drinking liquor itself yet really in view of the maltreatment individuals embrace with such an activity. Liquor lessens the capacity of an individual to experience the essential and consistently manners of thinking, in such a way hindering an individual affected by liquor to participate in normal and ordinary occasions. Ostensibly, the issue of liquor drinking means probably the biggest danger to human life on the planet. This is because of the high number of fatalities happening from liquor related homicides, battles, and above all else car crashes. Liquor misuse hinders a people capacity to drive a vehicle and therefore makes straightforward justification for death from a fender bender. In the United States alone, driving under the influence mishaps represent the main source of death among all age gatherings, mostly in any case, youthful grown-ups and late adolescents. Youth in the United States is experiencing a high number of fatalities and wounds caused from falls, consumes, crashes, suffocating, savagery, self destruction, and harming where the most elevated level of these mishaps are identified with liquor. Because of the way that liquor misuse is such a high reason for dreariness and injury, governments and social orders of nations everywhere throughout the world focus on various strategies and techniques wherein to diminish these lamentable occurrences. The issue is be that as it may, liquor can't be totally canceled. Drinking liquor has shaped such a huge piece of life... <!

Southwest Airlines Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

A large number of individuals fly ordinary. Southwest air hoses give low-admission travel among 58 metropoliss in the United States. In spite of the fact that the air hose industry endured enormously in the wake of September 11. Southwest had the option to proceed to keep solid. Southwest air hose keeps on keeping consistent gross incomes as a great part of the business was influenced by adjustments parents in law/guidelines and rivalry come ining the market. In the undermentioned investigation there is a short presentation to Southwest Airlines and their plan thus what. in the event that anything. they have to make or non make to remain at the top and competitory noticeable all around hose industry. The Problem The significant activity of the organization is whether they can continue turning and at a similar clasp keep up offering similar administrations to their customers. To continue turning. Southwest Airlines needs to dissect the outer condition so as to ensure their prosperity. The Analysiss Six components of outside condition The OptionsThe arrangements that will be introduced for Southwest air hoses need to assault two boss issues: 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Southwest Airlines Case Study Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In what capacity will they have the option to keep up their â€Å"Southwest air hoses LUV† 2. Step by step instructions to keep up their amplification and non sway the picture of the air hose. Southwest Airlines has a rundown of interminable choices. many will hinder their picture from the inside out ( representatives to costumiers ) while providing a lot of administrations that will keep up their customers glad for a piece. others will do the one time homelike air hose appear to be a cold and huge nobleman and doing their picture of LUV to fall. so as to dodge this and help the organization keep up the two finishes these are the arrangements that will be introduced for their issue. 1. â€Å"Freemium† : What’s free: Web bundle and administrations. some substance. Allowed to whom: clients of the essential adaptation. † ( Chris Anderson. Why $ 0. 00 Is the Future of Business. 02. 25. 08 ) Discovering things and musings that will hold no existent expense to the organization for the administration while having the option to manage down a â€Å"extra† for the exchange great of the customers will expand the overall gains of the organization. 2. Cut expenses: Disembark from the landing area and permit the costumiers stroll to the portal. The organization needs to accept and be originative in the manners they can keep up a reasonable rate for their flights while doing developments to their planes. paying their workers and keeping up costumiers content with their administrations. 3. Counterbalance losingss with higher menus: Charge effusive for a very requested twenty-four hours or for purchasing the ticket a similar twenty-four hours. 4. In flight outsiders ad: Offer a vast of promotion within the airplane to different organizations. The Recommendations Subsequent to thinking about both the investigation and the alternatives that were introduced. it has been concluded that the most ideal way the organization could take is bind together both the first and fourth suggestions. The Freemium thought and Advertising within the airplane are things that can be finished in little entirety of clasp and contriving net gain out of the two things. This will ensure that the LUV that Southwest Airlines appears towards their workers and customers continues being the main priority within the undertaking while non holding to bargain their developing by introducing better approaches to do net out of things that won’t do them put more cash that they could quit fring. These two proposals will pounce upon and choosing the central issues of the activity: chief a way to keep up their â€Å"LUV† streaming and the second one a way to ensure that the developing that has taken topographic point will non drop the organization yet on the other hand help them be greater and better. DecisionsThe proposals were the 1s picked in light of the fact that they are the 1s that have the less evaluation of disappointment. what's more, if disappointment somehow happened to be met the effect in the organization would be about or truly close to nothing. Southwest is an incredible case overview of how to obtain worker deal in. to a developing creating concern. The way in to the achievement of the southwest hypothetical record has been in addition to utilize and low factor costs. hitched with solid organization human advancement to alining esteems. frameworks. developments and plan. By making this Southwest has had the option to draw out competitory preferred position by releasing the intensity in their work power. Notices Dess. G. . Lumpkin. T. . Eisner. A. . McNamara. G. ( 2011 ) . Key Management: Text and Cases/Edition 6. Distributer: McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Theot. T. ( 2010 ) . Southwest Airlines. Recovered from: hypertext move convention:/es. scribd. com/doc/35327373/Southwest-Airlines-Case-Study Bhutada. S. Ranadive. S. ( n. d. ) . Southwest Airlines. Simply Plane Smart. Recovered from: hypertext move convention:/www. slideshare. net/sarangbhutada/southwest-carriers contextual investigation

An Overview of Social Skills Training

An Overview of Social Skills Training December 09, 2019 More in Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Social Skills Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Work and School Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Social Anxiety Disorder Training Techniques Research and Evidence   Areas of Development Social skills training (SST) is a type of behavioral therapy used to improve social skills in people with mental disorders or developmental disabilities. SST may be used by teachers, therapists, or other professionals to help those with anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, and other diagnoses.   It is delivered either individually or in a group format, usually once or twice a week, and is often used as one component of a combined treatment program. Social Anxiety Disorder Social anxiety can have an impact on social skills in a variety of ways. People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are less likely to engage in social interactions, giving them less opportunity to build skills and gain confidence.?? SAD can also have a direct impact on social behavior regardless of skill level. For example, you may know that eye contact is important but feel unable to maintain it during a  conversation because of fear. Social Anxiety Disorder Has Replaced Social Phobia SST has been shown to be effective in improving social skills for those with SAD regardless of the social issue. If there is a skills deficit, you can learn how to better manage social interactions.?? If social anxiety is masking your social ability, practice and exposure during SST can help improve your confidence and self-esteem and reduce your anxiety about social situations. For those with social anxiety disorder, SST is often used in combination with other treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or medication. Training Techniques SST generally begins with an assessment of your specific skill deficits and impairments. Your therapist may ask you which social interactions you find the most challenging or which skills you feel could be improved. The goal of this process is to identify the best targets for social skills training for your particular situation. Once specific target areas are identified, techniques for improving social skills are introduced. Usually, changes are made in one area at a time to ensure you dont get overwhelmed. A therapist may describe a particular skill, explain how to carry it out, and model the behavior. Complex behaviors like how to carry on a conversation may be broken down into smaller pieces such as introducing yourself, making small talk, and leaving a conversation. Therapists will also discuss both verbal and nonverbal behaviors.?? SST Techniques Instruction is the educational component of SST that involves the modeling of appropriate social behaviors.Behavioral rehearsal, or role play, involves practicing new skills during therapy in simulated situations.Corrective feedback is used to help improve social skills during practice.Positive reinforcement is used to reward improvements in social skills.Weekly homework assignments  provide the chance to practice new social skills outside of therapy. Research and Evidence   Research on the use of SST in treating SAD shows that it is effective whether executed alone or with another form of treatment.  SST has also been shown to increase the results of group CBT for SAD.??   In general, SST is most effective when used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving multiple components.  Therefore, if you have severe social anxiety, social skills training may be helpful for youâ€"both for your social skills and anxiety about social situations. Areas of Development Social skills are the building blocks of social interaction. If you have SAD,  you may have missed out on developing some of these important skills. However, you can always learn them no matter your age.   Assertiveness helps you relate to others in a way that balances the needs of everyone.  If you have a tendency to defer to others, it can feel uncomfortable when you first start asserting yourself. However, in the long run, assertiveness will help to reduce anxiety and make both you and the people around you more comfortable. How to Be More AssertiveHow to Ask for What You NeedHow to Say No Nonverbal communication, also known as body language, plays a large role in communication. People with social anxiety disorder tend to have closed body language that signals to others that you are unapproachable or unfriendly???. While this is a natural result of anxiety, it is possible to work on having more open and friendly nonverbal behaviors. How to Be More Approachable10 Body Language Mistakes You Might Be MakingHow to Appear More ConfidentUnderstanding Facial Expressions Verbal communication is another skill. The art of conversation may seem like a puzzle if you have social anxiety disorder. You probably have trouble knowing what to say or feel uncomfortable talking about yourself.  But,  conversations are foundational to building relationships and knowing how to better navigate them will help you get acquainted with those around you. Conversation Tips10 Good Topics for Small Talk10 Topics to Avoid During Small TalkHow to Join a ConversationHow to Leave a ConversationHow to Make Introductions:  Introductions are a way of making people feel comfortable. Whether you are called upon to make introductions or you are being introduced, it is important to know the rules of these social encounters. Knowing how to confidently make introductions is a very useful social skill.How to Practice Active Listening:  Active listening involves paying attention, asking questions, and reflecting on what someone says. When you practice active listening, the other person in the conversation feels heard. If you are coping with SAD, practicing active listening may actually help you focus more on others and less on yourself.  How to Get Over Telephone Phobia:  While the telephone is part of communication, it has its own peculiarities that can make it difficult for those with social anxiety disorder. You might be afraid to answer the phone, make calls, or even record a voice greeting. If you have a phobia of using the phone, there are a number of tips and tricks that you can use to overcome your fear. In addition, you can practice exposure therapy on your own to gradually desensitize yourself to using the phone.How to Accept Compliments    How to Give Compliments:  If you live with SAD, you probably have trouble gracefully accepting compliments and may not give compliments easily. Learning these two social skills is important. Compliments are a way of  initiating and deepening relationships. They are also great conversation starters and a good way to show appreciation for others. A Word From Verywell Building and improving upon your social skills is an important component of treatment for social anxiety disorder and is crucial to better negotiating social situations. If you find yourself severely lacking social skills, talk with your treatment professional about training or other methods for improving your abilities. If you have not yet been  diagnosed with SAD, the first step is to visit your doctor. From there, you can work together to design a  treatment plan  that meets your specific needs.

Retreat Business Plan - 1684 Words

1. The business I have started is a resort. The resort called Breakaway Retreats, which has different activities, themes and relaxation and massage. The resort is a place used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. I will provide all of a vacationer s wants while remaining on the premises, such as food, drink, lodging, sports, entertainment, and relaxation. Breakaway Retreats will provide an array of amenities and entertainment and recreational activities. There will be six cabins, a main eating and activities area, and a stable. The retreat is 15 miles out of Lloydminster. I will need one full time server which is also a housekeeper. I will also need a full time maintenance worker and a full time†¦show more content†¦T - Threats: What are external threats? Other companies expanding, new competitors entering the market, competitive services that I cannot deliver, government regulations impacting what I offer, Societal trends you misread and did not account for, not keeping up with technological changes. 6. I want people to come to Breakaway Retreats and feel comfortable and relaxed and just have fun. I feel the logo of birds just means breakaway from life for a little while and have some fun, live for the moment. With society always so busy now a days people need a place they can just go and forget about all their worries and unwind and have fun, Breakaway Retreats plans to be that escape. 7. There are many important customer service standards that I would put in place are. Telephone etiquette always answer the phone within three rings. Identify ourselves when answering the phone. Listen to caller requests and help to answer questions or resolve issues. Inform customers of typical process time and any delays that may arise. Interact in a professional and courteous manner. End the call in a courteous manner by thanking the caller. My voice mail has an updated voicemail greeting when out of the office and inform callers of anticipated return and contact person for questions. I respond to all voicemail messages by theShow MoreRelatedStrategic Planning : Strategic And Tactical Planning874 Words   |  4 PagesTo be successful a leader or manager must have vision, and to have that vision come to fruition the leader must align that vision with goals, but the only way to achieve those goals is through planning. Every plan needs to operate like a map to success. Strategic and tactical planning, when used correctly, represent planning models that can lead companies forward toward the vision of their leaders, and the attainment of the goals those leaders have developed. Strategic and tactical planning workRead MoreBrief Description Of The Organization1691 Words   |  7 Pagesposition to alter the organizational change processes success. In an online article titled, â€Å"Involving Stakeholders in Change† it is mentioned that, â€Å"Stakeholders are the groups and individuals who will be influential in the success of your change plans. It is often the skill with which you communicate, consult and involve these people which will determine the success of your change initiative.† (Smith, 2015). By utilizing the resources and guidance offered by these groups of individuals, our organizationRead MoreLilybank Lodge724 Words   |  3 Pagesthe worlds very wealthy. Presidents, playboys, and other such globe-trotters are the prime targets of this f ledgling tourism business developed by Lilybank Lodge. The lodge offers this exclusive niche the opportunity of a secluded holiday in a little-known paradise. Guests, commonly under public scrutiny in their everyday lives, can escape such pressures at a hunting retreat designed specifically with their needs in mind. A chance meeting between a New Zealand Department of Conservation investigatorRead MoreThe Heartsong Center For Healing And Awakening964 Words   |  4 Pagesstaff, staying up to date on customer demands, ensure high quality customer service to create long-term relationships, etc. Description of Business The Heartsong Center for Healing and Awakening provides a safe space for healing, self-awareness to facilitate overall wellness through one on one or group programs, meditation classes, workshops and retreats. The center also offers certified training programs for people who wish to become facilitators of the Heartsong Method. Company Ownership/LegalRead MoreInternational Yoga Teacher Training : The Good, The Bad And The Ugly1396 Words   |  6 PagesTeacher Training overseas there are a few key things you need to know first. The Backstory:: As the director of a purpose built Yoga and Ayurvedic retreat center for over 5 years, I was blessed to meet yoga teachers from around the world who traveled from near and far to offer their yoga teacher training programs as month long intensive retreat experiences at our resort. There were some truly amazing schools and programs and there were those who were, well, not so great. There were even couldRead MorePinnacle Professional College: Stakeholder Roles, Relationships, and Capabilities1570 Words   |  6 PagesKiwanis, and every higher education brotherhood or sisterhood to which we could attach ourselves. Stakeholder Roles, Relationships, and Capabilities As the college cut a broader academic swath, the stakeholder groups expanded to encompass more business and community leaders, more representatives from professional associations, and a strong coalition of professors, especially from the medical and healthcare disciplines. A good number of the members of the Advisory Committee were former studentsRead MoreThe Collapse Of American Society1630 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican society, a survivalist group in Idaho takes it upon itself to maintain civility and morality despite the chaotic new world order. The novel opens with TODD GRAY returning to his home in Palouse Hills, Idaho after being on an important business trip in Chicago to deal the rapid inflation rate driving the American economy towards collapse, which he refers to as â€Å"The Crunch.† After news of riots breaking out, Todd invites members of his Survivalist group to come to his compound in Idaho soRead MoreThe Growing Managers Case Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pageswho do not quite understand their roles Richardson is set for a rude awakening. Finding out that being a manager is not all it is cracked up to be Richardson is going to need to use The Five R’s to get her team up and running efficiently. 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Carbohydrates Sugar, Starch, and Carb Digestion

Leadership Development in South Riding Council Free Essays

Leadership Development In South Riding Council Leadership skills development is often a neglected area in local councils across the I-J. South Riding Council has sought to address this issue through establishing its own local leadership institute. The council, like all other local authorities, is facing the challenge of developing the leaders of tomorrow within a turbulent operating environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Development in South Riding Council or any similar topic only for you Order Now The recruitment and retention of key staff is not easy in an area hit by a long-term decline in the local economy, following the decline In traditional and manufacturing Industries Like coal mining, ship building and steel making. The quality and performance of leadership within the council was highlighted in the findings of several external audits covering education provision and overall council performance against key indicators. These audits, conducted within a three year period in the mid asses, concluded that the council was lacking in strategic direction. At the end of the decade a similar message was being repeated by Audit Commission inspectors during the first statutory comprehensive performance assessment (CPA). The resultant Impact on the organization cannot be overstated – staff morale plummeted and turnover increased with the loss of organizational knowledge being a major outcome. Internal staff surveys indicated that the lack of strategic leadership was felt acutely by council staff as well as being identified by external bodies. Human Resource Development in general was considered weak with staff reporting a lack of direction In career management and poor professional development provision. Deputy Chief Executive Kevin Harper commented that: our changing environment aught us out – we were reacting to uncontrollable circumstances. This highlighted a weakness generally in strategic leadership across the council. We need to retain key staff and improve our talent management programmers. We can ‘ t Just rely on staff replacement to keep the council running so we need to think about staff development and growing our own. Central to this vision was improving leadership and management skills. A new HER strategy was launched in 2009 with leadership Improvement Its key component. The strategy committed South Ruling Council to establishing an organization wide framework to develop leadership skills at political and senior managerial levels’ . More recently, the council has invested time and money i n shorter-term projects to enhance desired leadership skills. The latest initiative has been the creation off leadership institute. The Leadership Institute (Al) was launched in 2010 in conjunction with a local higher education provider. It ‘s focus Is on Improving management and leadership skills throughout the organization to lad succession planning. Commenting on the Al Initiative Harper said: There Is always plenty of hidden talent in a local council. People may be doing amazing things outside work, but because they are not properly engaged at work their potential is not fully realized. The Al has established a one year learning programmer based on current issues in local government leadership. The programmer includes a range of teaching and learning methods from ‘master classes’ on topics such as sessions on staff engagement and organizational commitment. The programmer also involves one-to-one mentoring, group coaching and individual action learning work. The L’, although a recent development, has seen promising early returns on the investment of time and money. Sickness and absence levels are falling and levels of satisfaction in leadership are rising. The clearest indication of improvement can be seen in the most recent statutory performance assessment results. The council is now rated as four-star, excellent and improving strongly in the process, rather than a fair’ rating in the 2006. Harper comments: ‘The Council still has some way to go and we are not complacent but initial signs are encouraging. Leaders now feel supported ND more confident in their capacity to make decisions and staff know they are being listened to. The leadership institute will continue to help with this development. ‘ Peter Rickrack, the council’s innovation manager – a rank Just below head of service level – is part of the council’s leadership institute. He has seen an immediate impact on his practice and adds: ‘It is a fantastic chance for people to learn about their own leadership style and how they can develop this. No-one on the programmer is expecting promotion Just because we are on this, but we know it will help us make he most of our talents and careers. ‘ Keith Harper has overseen the Al from its inception and works closely with the council’s organizational development team. The Al has cost approximately in its first year but the savings alone in staff absence reduction mean that the Al will break even financially. Harper knows however that the major challenge will be overcoming the traditional organizational culture and bringing on staff who may not easily identify themselves with a leadership role. The Al is partly aimed at unlocking hidden potential, but most of the antedates have so far come from senior positions. He said: ‘We were hoping to get people from all levels and it is something we will be looking to do more in the future†¦ We know there are a lot of talented people out there who are still not being reached. Please consider the following: 1. Outline and discuss how the South Riding Council approach to leadership development maps on to the major trends in leadership development. 2. Critically analyses the potential benefits and drawbacks of this leadership development approach for the Council. How to cite Leadership Development in South Riding Council, Essays

Iran

Iran- Contra Scandal Essay Over the centuries ancient Roman society has played a significant role in the creation of a common culture like our own. The material remains from ancient Rome have preserved valuable evidence for the status and accomplishments of the Roman people. Because so many aspects of ancient Roman civilization are respected and followed in society today, such as Roman art, Roman roads, and Roman law, it is important to understand the similarities and differences that ally within the two cultures. One aspect of Roman culture that I found interesting to focus on is the tradition of marriage. A traditional Roman marriage is completely different than a traditional marriage in our culture today, essentially because of the significant change in the role of women over time. Because Roman women had hardly any rights, their role in marriage was extremely limited. Women in ancient Rome barely had any rights by law, so they had very few opportunities to live independently. Roman women were expected to m arry at a young age, usually when they reached their teen years or early twenties. A Roman womans subordination in marriage began even before she became engaged, as it was tradition for a womans father, or legal guardian to arrange the marriage of their daughters. In her work on Roman Marriage, Susan Treggiari sites a preserved document of a Roman mother explaining the rules of engagement to her daughter: When you become engaged to someone, your father, will inform you of the fact. An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant, as the case may be. It is hardly a matter that she could be allowed to arrange for herself (Treggiari, 125). The legal independence of women was also constrained by the institution of guardianship. If a woman outlived her father, it was required by law in Rome to have a guardian, or tutor. The legal sources about the reasons women needed guardians are specific, as they describe women as lacking judgment, were easily victimize d, basically because they claimed women were fools. Roman women were expected to be married, primarily because it was almost impossible for them to live independently, but also because single women, or maidens, were just not accepted in society. Most single women though were of the lower class, and had little opportunity to obtain a better life. Free-born women continued to scratch our a living as laundresses, weavers, butchers, and fish-sellers, or in one of the occupations that are recorded on inscriptions at Pompeii: bean-dealer, nail-seller, brick-maker, even stonecutter. A number of poor women worked as waitresses in taverns, where they were probably expected, or obliged, to engage in prostitution on the side. In fact, for a lot of unskilled working class women, prostitution was the only to make a living, however inadequate (Le Glay, 139). So although women had little control in their marriage, it seems as though they had even less control of their lives as single women in Rome . In addition to Roman women being passed into the control of their husbands upon the day of their wedding, they were also expected to possess a worthy dowry that came from their fathers estate, and then became controlled by their husbands. During the time of Ciceros reign in 62 BC, he clearly defined the meaning of the dowry: When a woman enters the manus of a man, everything which belonged to her becomes the husbands and is called dowry (Treggiari, 325). This was especially unfortunate for women because they had little to no power in their marriage to begin with, and the only money or property that they possessed was handed over to their husbands. The more money a womans dowry was worth, the easier it was for her father to arrange her marriage. Thus it is important to note that many women of lower class were also much less likely to marry because it was difficult to negotiate marriage with no dowry to offer. Marriage without dowry was undesirable and disreputable and that the tran sfer and acceptance of dos dowry indicated that legal marriage rather than concubinage was intended by both parties. How far the poorest members of the population could afford this sentiment, or afford to get married at all, is uncertain (Treggiari, 323). Marriage contracts are common among the remains of Roman culture, as one dated from 13 BC states the content of one Roman womans dowry: Thermion and Apollonius son of Ptolemaieus agree that they have come together to share a common life, and the said Apollonius acknowledges that he has received from Thermion by hand from the house a dowry of a pair of gold earrings weighing three quarters and silver drachmas (Lewis Reinhold, 407). The duties of Roman women in marriage are explicit and are somewhat similar to those of women in marriage in earlier times in our own culture, especially before the time of women suffrage in America. When a Roman woman married, she was immediately responsible for childbearing and household duties, such a s cooking and cleaning, and she was forced to perform any duties by which her husband ordered. The woman, because she must feed babies under cover and is more timid and therefore adapted to protecting produce indoors, is suited to working in the househer duties supervising servants and stores; making clothes; nursing sick slaves; teaching the maids to spin; training, disciplining, and rewarding the staff; keeping supplies, tools, kitchen and dining utensils, clothing, and footwear in good order- with an insistence on precision, discipline, and tidiness (Treggiari, 186). A common marriage contract explains a wifes duties: and Thermion shall fulfill her duties toward her husband and the common life and shall not be absent herself from the house for a night or a day without the consent of Apollionius, nor dishonor nor injure their common home nor consort with another many, or she, if guilty of any of these actions, shall, after trial, be deprived of the dowry, and in addition the tran sgressing party shall be liable to the prescribed fine (Lewis Reinhold, p.407). So in addition to the various duties the Roman woman had within her marriage, she was also ordered by law to obey her husband and restricted any freedom unless her husband consented. In law,a womans place in the home was emphatically subordinate to that of the paterfamilias, the male head of the household, who possessed almost unlimited authority over everyone who lived in itThose who were under his power (potestas) owned nothing in their own name; anything they acquired belonged to him (Le Glay, 141). Although women in ancient Rome were subjected to Roman law and to the traditional male dominated marriage, marriage life for many women was full of love and happiness. Few Romans questioned the ideal model of a married couple united by mutual love and partnership. It appears as well in literary sources as in the inscriptions of the early empire. Matrimonial bliss was undoubtedly often attained, though not always, of course (Arjava, 127). However, co-operation, love, and mutual respect did not mean that the spouses were thought to be equal it is clear that the husband was expected to be the dominant partner in marriage ( Arjava, 128). Plutarch, a man who adopted the practices of both Greek and Roman culture in the second century AD, wrote his advice to young brides and grooms: Whenever two notes are sounded in accord the tune is carried by the bass; and in like manner every activity in a virtuous household is carried on by both parties in agreement, but discloses the husbands leadership and preferences (Arjava, 129). The source of Plutarchs document adds that this was a very common way to go about married life, that no one in Rome would object to this advice: I doubt that anyone anywhere within the empire would have disagreed with his advice (Arjava, 129). Although many Roman marriages were full of love and admiration between the husband and wife, there is a lot of evidence of adulte ry and violence that existed within Roman marriages. Divorce was also a common conflict that resulted from failed marriages, often those where adultery and/or violence was prevalent. Lewis and Reinhold printed an excerpt from Marcus Catos oration titled On the Dowry, that provide much evidence of abusive husbands, some who committed adultery and were not punished or divorced from their wives, and some who killed their wives and remained unpunished, even unaccused. When a husband divorces his wife, he judges the woman as a censor would, and has full powers if she has been guilty of any wrong or shameful act; she is severely punished if she had drunk wine; if she had done wrong with another man she is condemned to death Marcus Cato moves on to declare that If you should take your wife in adultery, you may with impunity put her to death without a trial; but if you should commit adultery of indecency, she must not presume to lay a finger on you, nor does the law permit it (Lewis Reinho ld, 508). Marcus Catos document is a rather unfortunate piece of evidence that women in ancient Roman marriages had no rights by law, but moreover they were allowed to be brutally beaten and even murdered, while their attacker would go without punishment. .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .postImageUrl , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:hover , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:visited , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:active { border:0!important; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:active , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Philosophers Essay After careful research, I have come to the conclusion that the role of the woman in an ancient Roman marriage was extremely limited in all aspects of Roman society. As soon as she was set free of her fathers authority, she was handed over only to be controlled by her husband. When the woman married, all of her possessions, including property, was now controlled by her husband as well. Wives, under contracted law, were forced to perform all duties of the household and those desired by their husbands. In most cases, a Roman wife was responsible for childbearing, and if she was unable to perform this duty, her husband could legally divorce her. It was permitted under Roman law that a man could divorce and kill his wife if she committed adultery. Men also went unaccused for beating their wives. Fortunately, times have changed since the era of ancient Rome, and much progress has been made, especially with women and minorities. But over centuries, one thing has remained the same, which is the concept of marriage. Marriage is a human institution which has historically been linked with love and companionship, sexuality and the production and rearing of children. The Roman state defined narrowly the marriages which were valid for its citizens and which produced a new generation of citizens. A closely knit family and a devoted married couple remain the ideal from the first century BC to the third century AD and beyond. Words/ Pages : 1,800 / 24