The Pivot Points of Alcohol Consumption Control essays

The Pivot Points of Alcohol Consumption Control papers For a huge number of years liquor has been viewed by society as a brief departure from the real world and the pressures of regular day to day existence. Individuals use liquor to decrease worry, to unwind, and to appreciate a goodbye. This ought to be the genuine motivation behind liquor drinking. This is the manner by which liquor ought to be viewed. There ought to be no explanation behind liquor drinking to be viewed as negative activity. Drinking liquor in any case, is in actuality viewed as a negative activity by society and the administration. This isn't a direct result of the activity drinking liquor itself yet really in view of the maltreatment individuals embrace with such an activity. Liquor lessens the capacity of an individual to experience the essential and consistently manners of thinking, in such a way hindering an individual affected by liquor to participate in normal and ordinary occasions. Ostensibly, the issue of liquor drinking means probably the biggest danger to human life on the planet. This is because of the high number of fatalities happening from liquor related homicides, battles, and above all else car crashes. Liquor misuse hinders a people capacity to drive a vehicle and therefore makes straightforward justification for death from a fender bender. In the United States alone, driving under the influence mishaps represent the main source of death among all age gatherings, mostly in any case, youthful grown-ups and late adolescents. Youth in the United States is experiencing a high number of fatalities and wounds caused from falls, consumes, crashes, suffocating, savagery, self destruction, and harming where the most elevated level of these mishaps are identified with liquor. Because of the way that liquor misuse is such a high reason for dreariness and injury, governments and social orders of nations everywhere throughout the world focus on various strategies and techniques wherein to diminish these lamentable occurrences. The issue is be that as it may, liquor can't be totally canceled. Drinking liquor has shaped such a huge piece of life... <!

Southwest Airlines Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

A large number of individuals fly ordinary. Southwest air hoses give low-admission travel among 58 metropoliss in the United States. In spite of the fact that the air hose industry endured enormously in the wake of September 11. Southwest had the option to proceed to keep solid. Southwest air hose keeps on keeping consistent gross incomes as a great part of the business was influenced by adjustments parents in law/guidelines and rivalry come ining the market. In the undermentioned investigation there is a short presentation to Southwest Airlines and their plan thus what. in the event that anything. they have to make or non make to remain at the top and competitory noticeable all around hose industry. The Problem The significant activity of the organization is whether they can continue turning and at a similar clasp keep up offering similar administrations to their customers. To continue turning. Southwest Airlines needs to dissect the outer condition so as to ensure their prosperity. The Analysiss Six components of outside condition The OptionsThe arrangements that will be introduced for Southwest air hoses need to assault two boss issues: 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Southwest Airlines Case Study Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In what capacity will they have the option to keep up their â€Å"Southwest air hoses LUV† 2. Step by step instructions to keep up their amplification and non sway the picture of the air hose. Southwest Airlines has a rundown of interminable choices. many will hinder their picture from the inside out ( representatives to costumiers ) while providing a lot of administrations that will keep up their customers glad for a piece. others will do the one time homelike air hose appear to be a cold and huge nobleman and doing their picture of LUV to fall. so as to dodge this and help the organization keep up the two finishes these are the arrangements that will be introduced for their issue. 1. â€Å"Freemium† : What’s free: Web bundle and administrations. some substance. Allowed to whom: clients of the essential adaptation. † ( Chris Anderson. Why $ 0. 00 Is the Future of Business. 02. 25. 08 ) Discovering things and musings that will hold no existent expense to the organization for the administration while having the option to manage down a â€Å"extra† for the exchange great of the customers will expand the overall gains of the organization. 2. Cut expenses: Disembark from the landing area and permit the costumiers stroll to the portal. The organization needs to accept and be originative in the manners they can keep up a reasonable rate for their flights while doing developments to their planes. paying their workers and keeping up costumiers content with their administrations. 3. Counterbalance losingss with higher menus: Charge effusive for a very requested twenty-four hours or for purchasing the ticket a similar twenty-four hours. 4. In flight outsiders ad: Offer a vast of promotion within the airplane to different organizations. The Recommendations Subsequent to thinking about both the investigation and the alternatives that were introduced. it has been concluded that the most ideal way the organization could take is bind together both the first and fourth suggestions. The Freemium thought and Advertising within the airplane are things that can be finished in little entirety of clasp and contriving net gain out of the two things. This will ensure that the LUV that Southwest Airlines appears towards their workers and customers continues being the main priority within the undertaking while non holding to bargain their developing by introducing better approaches to do net out of things that won’t do them put more cash that they could quit fring. These two proposals will pounce upon and choosing the central issues of the activity: chief a way to keep up their â€Å"LUV† streaming and the second one a way to ensure that the developing that has taken topographic point will non drop the organization yet on the other hand help them be greater and better. DecisionsThe proposals were the 1s picked in light of the fact that they are the 1s that have the less evaluation of disappointment. what's more, if disappointment somehow happened to be met the effect in the organization would be about or truly close to nothing. Southwest is an incredible case overview of how to obtain worker deal in. to a developing creating concern. The way in to the achievement of the southwest hypothetical record has been in addition to utilize and low factor costs. hitched with solid organization human advancement to alining esteems. frameworks. developments and plan. By making this Southwest has had the option to draw out competitory preferred position by releasing the intensity in their work power. Notices Dess. G. . Lumpkin. T. . Eisner. A. . McNamara. G. ( 2011 ) . Key Management: Text and Cases/Edition 6. Distributer: McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Theot. T. ( 2010 ) . Southwest Airlines. Recovered from: hypertext move convention:/es. scribd. com/doc/35327373/Southwest-Airlines-Case-Study Bhutada. S. Ranadive. S. ( n. d. ) . Southwest Airlines. Simply Plane Smart. Recovered from: hypertext move convention:/www. slideshare. net/sarangbhutada/southwest-carriers contextual investigation

An Overview of Social Skills Training

An Overview of Social Skills Training December 09, 2019 More in Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Social Skills Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Work and School Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Social Anxiety Disorder Training Techniques Research and Evidence   Areas of Development Social skills training (SST) is a type of behavioral therapy used to improve social skills in people with mental disorders or developmental disabilities. SST may be used by teachers, therapists, or other professionals to help those with anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, and other diagnoses.   It is delivered either individually or in a group format, usually once or twice a week, and is often used as one component of a combined treatment program. Social Anxiety Disorder Social anxiety can have an impact on social skills in a variety of ways. People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are less likely to engage in social interactions, giving them less opportunity to build skills and gain confidence.?? SAD can also have a direct impact on social behavior regardless of skill level. For example, you may know that eye contact is important but feel unable to maintain it during a  conversation because of fear. Social Anxiety Disorder Has Replaced Social Phobia SST has been shown to be effective in improving social skills for those with SAD regardless of the social issue. If there is a skills deficit, you can learn how to better manage social interactions.?? If social anxiety is masking your social ability, practice and exposure during SST can help improve your confidence and self-esteem and reduce your anxiety about social situations. For those with social anxiety disorder, SST is often used in combination with other treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or medication. Training Techniques SST generally begins with an assessment of your specific skill deficits and impairments. Your therapist may ask you which social interactions you find the most challenging or which skills you feel could be improved. The goal of this process is to identify the best targets for social skills training for your particular situation. Once specific target areas are identified, techniques for improving social skills are introduced. Usually, changes are made in one area at a time to ensure you dont get overwhelmed. A therapist may describe a particular skill, explain how to carry it out, and model the behavior. Complex behaviors like how to carry on a conversation may be broken down into smaller pieces such as introducing yourself, making small talk, and leaving a conversation. Therapists will also discuss both verbal and nonverbal behaviors.?? SST Techniques Instruction is the educational component of SST that involves the modeling of appropriate social behaviors.Behavioral rehearsal, or role play, involves practicing new skills during therapy in simulated situations.Corrective feedback is used to help improve social skills during practice.Positive reinforcement is used to reward improvements in social skills.Weekly homework assignments  provide the chance to practice new social skills outside of therapy. Research and Evidence   Research on the use of SST in treating SAD shows that it is effective whether executed alone or with another form of treatment.  SST has also been shown to increase the results of group CBT for SAD.??   In general, SST is most effective when used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving multiple components.  Therefore, if you have severe social anxiety, social skills training may be helpful for youâ€"both for your social skills and anxiety about social situations. Areas of Development Social skills are the building blocks of social interaction. If you have SAD,  you may have missed out on developing some of these important skills. However, you can always learn them no matter your age.   Assertiveness helps you relate to others in a way that balances the needs of everyone.  If you have a tendency to defer to others, it can feel uncomfortable when you first start asserting yourself. However, in the long run, assertiveness will help to reduce anxiety and make both you and the people around you more comfortable. How to Be More AssertiveHow to Ask for What You NeedHow to Say No Nonverbal communication, also known as body language, plays a large role in communication. People with social anxiety disorder tend to have closed body language that signals to others that you are unapproachable or unfriendly???. While this is a natural result of anxiety, it is possible to work on having more open and friendly nonverbal behaviors. How to Be More Approachable10 Body Language Mistakes You Might Be MakingHow to Appear More ConfidentUnderstanding Facial Expressions Verbal communication is another skill. The art of conversation may seem like a puzzle if you have social anxiety disorder. You probably have trouble knowing what to say or feel uncomfortable talking about yourself.  But,  conversations are foundational to building relationships and knowing how to better navigate them will help you get acquainted with those around you. Conversation Tips10 Good Topics for Small Talk10 Topics to Avoid During Small TalkHow to Join a ConversationHow to Leave a ConversationHow to Make Introductions:  Introductions are a way of making people feel comfortable. Whether you are called upon to make introductions or you are being introduced, it is important to know the rules of these social encounters. Knowing how to confidently make introductions is a very useful social skill.How to Practice Active Listening:  Active listening involves paying attention, asking questions, and reflecting on what someone says. When you practice active listening, the other person in the conversation feels heard. If you are coping with SAD, practicing active listening may actually help you focus more on others and less on yourself.  How to Get Over Telephone Phobia:  While the telephone is part of communication, it has its own peculiarities that can make it difficult for those with social anxiety disorder. You might be afraid to answer the phone, make calls, or even record a voice greeting. If you have a phobia of using the phone, there are a number of tips and tricks that you can use to overcome your fear. In addition, you can practice exposure therapy on your own to gradually desensitize yourself to using the phone.How to Accept Compliments    How to Give Compliments:  If you live with SAD, you probably have trouble gracefully accepting compliments and may not give compliments easily. Learning these two social skills is important. Compliments are a way of  initiating and deepening relationships. They are also great conversation starters and a good way to show appreciation for others. A Word From Verywell Building and improving upon your social skills is an important component of treatment for social anxiety disorder and is crucial to better negotiating social situations. If you find yourself severely lacking social skills, talk with your treatment professional about training or other methods for improving your abilities. If you have not yet been  diagnosed with SAD, the first step is to visit your doctor. From there, you can work together to design a  treatment plan  that meets your specific needs.

Retreat Business Plan - 1684 Words

1. The business I have started is a resort. The resort called Breakaway Retreats, which has different activities, themes and relaxation and massage. The resort is a place used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. I will provide all of a vacationer s wants while remaining on the premises, such as food, drink, lodging, sports, entertainment, and relaxation. Breakaway Retreats will provide an array of amenities and entertainment and recreational activities. There will be six cabins, a main eating and activities area, and a stable. The retreat is 15 miles out of Lloydminster. I will need one full time server which is also a housekeeper. I will also need a full time maintenance worker and a full time†¦show more content†¦T - Threats: What are external threats? Other companies expanding, new competitors entering the market, competitive services that I cannot deliver, government regulations impacting what I offer, Societal trends you misread and did not account for, not keeping up with technological changes. 6. I want people to come to Breakaway Retreats and feel comfortable and relaxed and just have fun. I feel the logo of birds just means breakaway from life for a little while and have some fun, live for the moment. With society always so busy now a days people need a place they can just go and forget about all their worries and unwind and have fun, Breakaway Retreats plans to be that escape. 7. There are many important customer service standards that I would put in place are. Telephone etiquette always answer the phone within three rings. Identify ourselves when answering the phone. Listen to caller requests and help to answer questions or resolve issues. Inform customers of typical process time and any delays that may arise. Interact in a professional and courteous manner. End the call in a courteous manner by thanking the caller. My voice mail has an updated voicemail greeting when out of the office and inform callers of anticipated return and contact person for questions. I respond to all voicemail messages by theShow MoreRelatedStrategic Planning : Strategic And Tactical Planning874 Words   |  4 PagesTo be successful a leader or manager must have vision, and to have that vision come to fruition the leader must align that vision with goals, but the only way to achieve those goals is through planning. Every plan needs to operate like a map to success. Strategic and tactical planning, when used correctly, represent planning models that can lead companies forward toward the vision of their leaders, and the attainment of the goals those leaders have developed. Strategic and tactical planning workRead MoreBrief Description Of The Organization1691 Words   |  7 Pagesposition to alter the organizational change processes success. In an online article titled, â€Å"Involving Stakeholders in Change† it is mentioned that, â€Å"Stakeholders are the groups and individuals who will be influential in the success of your change plans. It is often the skill with which you communicate, consult and involve these people which will determine the success of your change initiative.† (Smith, 2015). By utilizing the resources and guidance offered by these groups of individuals, our organizationRead MoreLilybank Lodge724 Words   |  3 Pagesthe worlds very wealthy. Presidents, playboys, and other such globe-trotters are the prime targets of this f ledgling tourism business developed by Lilybank Lodge. The lodge offers this exclusive niche the opportunity of a secluded holiday in a little-known paradise. Guests, commonly under public scrutiny in their everyday lives, can escape such pressures at a hunting retreat designed specifically with their needs in mind. A chance meeting between a New Zealand Department of Conservation investigatorRead MoreThe Heartsong Center For Healing And Awakening964 Words   |  4 Pagesstaff, staying up to date on customer demands, ensure high quality customer service to create long-term relationships, etc. Description of Business The Heartsong Center for Healing and Awakening provides a safe space for healing, self-awareness to facilitate overall wellness through one on one or group programs, meditation classes, workshops and retreats. The center also offers certified training programs for people who wish to become facilitators of the Heartsong Method. Company Ownership/LegalRead MoreInternational Yoga Teacher Training : The Good, The Bad And The Ugly1396 Words   |  6 PagesTeacher Training overseas there are a few key things you need to know first. The Backstory:: As the director of a purpose built Yoga and Ayurvedic retreat center for over 5 years, I was blessed to meet yoga teachers from around the world who traveled from near and far to offer their yoga teacher training programs as month long intensive retreat experiences at our resort. There were some truly amazing schools and programs and there were those who were, well, not so great. There were even couldRead MorePinnacle Professional College: Stakeholder Roles, Relationships, and Capabilities1570 Words   |  6 PagesKiwanis, and every higher education brotherhood or sisterhood to which we could attach ourselves. Stakeholder Roles, Relationships, and Capabilities As the college cut a broader academic swath, the stakeholder groups expanded to encompass more business and community leaders, more representatives from professional associations, and a strong coalition of professors, especially from the medical and healthcare disciplines. A good number of the members of the Advisory Committee were former studentsRead MoreThe Collapse Of American Society1630 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican society, a survivalist group in Idaho takes it upon itself to maintain civility and morality despite the chaotic new world order. The novel opens with TODD GRAY returning to his home in Palouse Hills, Idaho after being on an important business trip in Chicago to deal the rapid inflation rate driving the American economy towards collapse, which he refers to as â€Å"The Crunch.† After news of riots breaking out, Todd invites members of his Survivalist group to come to his compound in Idaho soRead MoreThe Growing Managers Case Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pageswho do not quite understand their roles Richardson is set for a rude awakening. Finding out that being a manager is not all it is cracked up to be Richardson is going to need to use The Five R’s to get her team up and running efficiently. The action plan breaks down into three weeks that allows Richardson to work The Five R’s into her team’s everyday work life. In the â€Å"Growing Managers† case, it seems as though everything that could go wrong for Richardson did as she started her new managerial roleRead MoreStrategic Planning : A Strategic Plan Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Strategic Planning Strategic planning is management action that is used to set priorities, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other stake holder are working toward a common goal. Effective strategic planning expresses not only where a business is going, actions needed to make progress, but shows if the business will be successful. So a strategic plan is used to communicate with the organization the organizational goals. There are several step in a strategic planning processRead More Sustainable Development Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesthey know what the next season, the next year, will be like—whether there will be heavy rains, drogue or an intermediate year. So they know what to expect, and what kind of crops will survive. We are far from using these methods in the modern agro-business, where all that matters is mass production, and the technology used to produce these vast quantities of food damage the land in a irreversible manner. In the United States, cities have initiated their own projects to initiate sustainable communities

Carbohydrates Sugar, Starch, and Carb Digestion

Leadership Development in South Riding Council Free Essays

Leadership Development In South Riding Council Leadership skills development is often a neglected area in local councils across the I-J. South Riding Council has sought to address this issue through establishing its own local leadership institute. The council, like all other local authorities, is facing the challenge of developing the leaders of tomorrow within a turbulent operating environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Development in South Riding Council or any similar topic only for you Order Now The recruitment and retention of key staff is not easy in an area hit by a long-term decline in the local economy, following the decline In traditional and manufacturing Industries Like coal mining, ship building and steel making. The quality and performance of leadership within the council was highlighted in the findings of several external audits covering education provision and overall council performance against key indicators. These audits, conducted within a three year period in the mid asses, concluded that the council was lacking in strategic direction. At the end of the decade a similar message was being repeated by Audit Commission inspectors during the first statutory comprehensive performance assessment (CPA). The resultant Impact on the organization cannot be overstated – staff morale plummeted and turnover increased with the loss of organizational knowledge being a major outcome. Internal staff surveys indicated that the lack of strategic leadership was felt acutely by council staff as well as being identified by external bodies. Human Resource Development in general was considered weak with staff reporting a lack of direction In career management and poor professional development provision. Deputy Chief Executive Kevin Harper commented that: our changing environment aught us out – we were reacting to uncontrollable circumstances. This highlighted a weakness generally in strategic leadership across the council. We need to retain key staff and improve our talent management programmers. We can ‘ t Just rely on staff replacement to keep the council running so we need to think about staff development and growing our own. Central to this vision was improving leadership and management skills. A new HER strategy was launched in 2009 with leadership Improvement Its key component. The strategy committed South Ruling Council to establishing an organization wide framework to develop leadership skills at political and senior managerial levels’ . More recently, the council has invested time and money i n shorter-term projects to enhance desired leadership skills. The latest initiative has been the creation off leadership institute. The Leadership Institute (Al) was launched in 2010 in conjunction with a local higher education provider. It ‘s focus Is on Improving management and leadership skills throughout the organization to lad succession planning. Commenting on the Al Initiative Harper said: There Is always plenty of hidden talent in a local council. People may be doing amazing things outside work, but because they are not properly engaged at work their potential is not fully realized. The Al has established a one year learning programmer based on current issues in local government leadership. The programmer includes a range of teaching and learning methods from ‘master classes’ on topics such as sessions on staff engagement and organizational commitment. The programmer also involves one-to-one mentoring, group coaching and individual action learning work. The L’, although a recent development, has seen promising early returns on the investment of time and money. Sickness and absence levels are falling and levels of satisfaction in leadership are rising. The clearest indication of improvement can be seen in the most recent statutory performance assessment results. The council is now rated as four-star, excellent and improving strongly in the process, rather than a fair’ rating in the 2006. Harper comments: ‘The Council still has some way to go and we are not complacent but initial signs are encouraging. Leaders now feel supported ND more confident in their capacity to make decisions and staff know they are being listened to. The leadership institute will continue to help with this development. ‘ Peter Rickrack, the council’s innovation manager – a rank Just below head of service level – is part of the council’s leadership institute. He has seen an immediate impact on his practice and adds: ‘It is a fantastic chance for people to learn about their own leadership style and how they can develop this. No-one on the programmer is expecting promotion Just because we are on this, but we know it will help us make he most of our talents and careers. ‘ Keith Harper has overseen the Al from its inception and works closely with the council’s organizational development team. The Al has cost approximately in its first year but the savings alone in staff absence reduction mean that the Al will break even financially. Harper knows however that the major challenge will be overcoming the traditional organizational culture and bringing on staff who may not easily identify themselves with a leadership role. The Al is partly aimed at unlocking hidden potential, but most of the antedates have so far come from senior positions. He said: ‘We were hoping to get people from all levels and it is something we will be looking to do more in the future†¦ We know there are a lot of talented people out there who are still not being reached. Please consider the following: 1. Outline and discuss how the South Riding Council approach to leadership development maps on to the major trends in leadership development. 2. Critically analyses the potential benefits and drawbacks of this leadership development approach for the Council. How to cite Leadership Development in South Riding Council, Essays

Iran

Iran- Contra Scandal Essay Over the centuries ancient Roman society has played a significant role in the creation of a common culture like our own. The material remains from ancient Rome have preserved valuable evidence for the status and accomplishments of the Roman people. Because so many aspects of ancient Roman civilization are respected and followed in society today, such as Roman art, Roman roads, and Roman law, it is important to understand the similarities and differences that ally within the two cultures. One aspect of Roman culture that I found interesting to focus on is the tradition of marriage. A traditional Roman marriage is completely different than a traditional marriage in our culture today, essentially because of the significant change in the role of women over time. Because Roman women had hardly any rights, their role in marriage was extremely limited. Women in ancient Rome barely had any rights by law, so they had very few opportunities to live independently. Roman women were expected to m arry at a young age, usually when they reached their teen years or early twenties. A Roman womans subordination in marriage began even before she became engaged, as it was tradition for a womans father, or legal guardian to arrange the marriage of their daughters. In her work on Roman Marriage, Susan Treggiari sites a preserved document of a Roman mother explaining the rules of engagement to her daughter: When you become engaged to someone, your father, will inform you of the fact. An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant, as the case may be. It is hardly a matter that she could be allowed to arrange for herself (Treggiari, 125). The legal independence of women was also constrained by the institution of guardianship. If a woman outlived her father, it was required by law in Rome to have a guardian, or tutor. The legal sources about the reasons women needed guardians are specific, as they describe women as lacking judgment, were easily victimize d, basically because they claimed women were fools. Roman women were expected to be married, primarily because it was almost impossible for them to live independently, but also because single women, or maidens, were just not accepted in society. Most single women though were of the lower class, and had little opportunity to obtain a better life. Free-born women continued to scratch our a living as laundresses, weavers, butchers, and fish-sellers, or in one of the occupations that are recorded on inscriptions at Pompeii: bean-dealer, nail-seller, brick-maker, even stonecutter. A number of poor women worked as waitresses in taverns, where they were probably expected, or obliged, to engage in prostitution on the side. In fact, for a lot of unskilled working class women, prostitution was the only to make a living, however inadequate (Le Glay, 139). So although women had little control in their marriage, it seems as though they had even less control of their lives as single women in Rome . In addition to Roman women being passed into the control of their husbands upon the day of their wedding, they were also expected to possess a worthy dowry that came from their fathers estate, and then became controlled by their husbands. During the time of Ciceros reign in 62 BC, he clearly defined the meaning of the dowry: When a woman enters the manus of a man, everything which belonged to her becomes the husbands and is called dowry (Treggiari, 325). This was especially unfortunate for women because they had little to no power in their marriage to begin with, and the only money or property that they possessed was handed over to their husbands. The more money a womans dowry was worth, the easier it was for her father to arrange her marriage. Thus it is important to note that many women of lower class were also much less likely to marry because it was difficult to negotiate marriage with no dowry to offer. Marriage without dowry was undesirable and disreputable and that the tran sfer and acceptance of dos dowry indicated that legal marriage rather than concubinage was intended by both parties. How far the poorest members of the population could afford this sentiment, or afford to get married at all, is uncertain (Treggiari, 323). Marriage contracts are common among the remains of Roman culture, as one dated from 13 BC states the content of one Roman womans dowry: Thermion and Apollonius son of Ptolemaieus agree that they have come together to share a common life, and the said Apollonius acknowledges that he has received from Thermion by hand from the house a dowry of a pair of gold earrings weighing three quarters and silver drachmas (Lewis Reinhold, 407). The duties of Roman women in marriage are explicit and are somewhat similar to those of women in marriage in earlier times in our own culture, especially before the time of women suffrage in America. When a Roman woman married, she was immediately responsible for childbearing and household duties, such a s cooking and cleaning, and she was forced to perform any duties by which her husband ordered. The woman, because she must feed babies under cover and is more timid and therefore adapted to protecting produce indoors, is suited to working in the househer duties supervising servants and stores; making clothes; nursing sick slaves; teaching the maids to spin; training, disciplining, and rewarding the staff; keeping supplies, tools, kitchen and dining utensils, clothing, and footwear in good order- with an insistence on precision, discipline, and tidiness (Treggiari, 186). A common marriage contract explains a wifes duties: and Thermion shall fulfill her duties toward her husband and the common life and shall not be absent herself from the house for a night or a day without the consent of Apollionius, nor dishonor nor injure their common home nor consort with another many, or she, if guilty of any of these actions, shall, after trial, be deprived of the dowry, and in addition the tran sgressing party shall be liable to the prescribed fine (Lewis Reinhold, p.407). So in addition to the various duties the Roman woman had within her marriage, she was also ordered by law to obey her husband and restricted any freedom unless her husband consented. In law,a womans place in the home was emphatically subordinate to that of the paterfamilias, the male head of the household, who possessed almost unlimited authority over everyone who lived in itThose who were under his power (potestas) owned nothing in their own name; anything they acquired belonged to him (Le Glay, 141). Although women in ancient Rome were subjected to Roman law and to the traditional male dominated marriage, marriage life for many women was full of love and happiness. Few Romans questioned the ideal model of a married couple united by mutual love and partnership. It appears as well in literary sources as in the inscriptions of the early empire. Matrimonial bliss was undoubtedly often attained, though not always, of course (Arjava, 127). However, co-operation, love, and mutual respect did not mean that the spouses were thought to be equal it is clear that the husband was expected to be the dominant partner in marriage ( Arjava, 128). Plutarch, a man who adopted the practices of both Greek and Roman culture in the second century AD, wrote his advice to young brides and grooms: Whenever two notes are sounded in accord the tune is carried by the bass; and in like manner every activity in a virtuous household is carried on by both parties in agreement, but discloses the husbands leadership and preferences (Arjava, 129). The source of Plutarchs document adds that this was a very common way to go about married life, that no one in Rome would object to this advice: I doubt that anyone anywhere within the empire would have disagreed with his advice (Arjava, 129). Although many Roman marriages were full of love and admiration between the husband and wife, there is a lot of evidence of adulte ry and violence that existed within Roman marriages. Divorce was also a common conflict that resulted from failed marriages, often those where adultery and/or violence was prevalent. Lewis and Reinhold printed an excerpt from Marcus Catos oration titled On the Dowry, that provide much evidence of abusive husbands, some who committed adultery and were not punished or divorced from their wives, and some who killed their wives and remained unpunished, even unaccused. When a husband divorces his wife, he judges the woman as a censor would, and has full powers if she has been guilty of any wrong or shameful act; she is severely punished if she had drunk wine; if she had done wrong with another man she is condemned to death Marcus Cato moves on to declare that If you should take your wife in adultery, you may with impunity put her to death without a trial; but if you should commit adultery of indecency, she must not presume to lay a finger on you, nor does the law permit it (Lewis Reinho ld, 508). Marcus Catos document is a rather unfortunate piece of evidence that women in ancient Roman marriages had no rights by law, but moreover they were allowed to be brutally beaten and even murdered, while their attacker would go without punishment. .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .postImageUrl , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:hover , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:visited , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:active { border:0!important; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:active , .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2 .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua90a82075c1d1516bfdb8b46487062d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Philosophers Essay After careful research, I have come to the conclusion that the role of the woman in an ancient Roman marriage was extremely limited in all aspects of Roman society. As soon as she was set free of her fathers authority, she was handed over only to be controlled by her husband. When the woman married, all of her possessions, including property, was now controlled by her husband as well. Wives, under contracted law, were forced to perform all duties of the household and those desired by their husbands. In most cases, a Roman wife was responsible for childbearing, and if she was unable to perform this duty, her husband could legally divorce her. It was permitted under Roman law that a man could divorce and kill his wife if she committed adultery. Men also went unaccused for beating their wives. Fortunately, times have changed since the era of ancient Rome, and much progress has been made, especially with women and minorities. But over centuries, one thing has remained the same, which is the concept of marriage. Marriage is a human institution which has historically been linked with love and companionship, sexuality and the production and rearing of children. The Roman state defined narrowly the marriages which were valid for its citizens and which produced a new generation of citizens. A closely knit family and a devoted married couple remain the ideal from the first century BC to the third century AD and beyond. Words/ Pages : 1,800 / 24

10 Geographic Facts About Easter Island

10 Geographic Facts About Easter Island Easter Island, also called Rapa Nui, is a small island located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean and is considered a special territory of Chile. Easter Island is most famous for its large moai statues that were carved by native peoples between 1250 and 1500. The island is also considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site and much of the islands land belongs to the Rapa Nui National Park. Easter Island has been in the news because many scientists and writers have used it as a metaphor for our planet. Easter Islands native population is believed to have overused its natural resources and collapsed. Some scientists and writers claim that global climate change and resource exploitation may lead to the planet collapsing as did the population on Easter Island. These claims, however, are highly disputed. Interesting Facts The following is a list of the 10 most important geographic facts to know about Easter Island: Although scientists do not know for sure, many claim that human habitation of Easter Island began around 700-1100 C.E. Almost immediately upon its initial settlement, the population of Easter Island began to grow and the islands inhabitants (Rapanui) began to build houses and moai statues. The moai are believed to represent status symbols of the different Easter Island tribes.Because of Easter Islands small size of only 63 square miles (164 sq km), it quickly became overpopulated and its resources were rapidly depleted. When Europeans arrived on Easter Island between the late 1700s and early 1800s, it was reported that the moai were knocked down and the island seemed to have been a recent war site.Constant warfare between tribes, a lack of supplies and resources, disease, invasive species and the opening of the island to foreign slave trade eventually led to Easter Islands collapse by the 1860s.In 1888, Easter Island was annexed by Chile. Use of the island by Chile varied, but during the 1900s it was a sheep farm and was managed by the Chilean Navy. In 1966, the entire island was opened to the public and the remaining Rapanui people became citizens of Chile. As of 2009, Easter Island had a population of 4,781. The official languages of the island are Spanish and Rapa Nui, while the main ethnic groups are Rapanui, European and Amerindian.Because of its archaeological remains and its ability to help scientists study early human societies, Easter Island became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.Although it is still inhabited by humans, Easter Island is one of the worlds most isolated islands. It is approximately 2,180 miles (3,510 km) west of Chile. Easter Island is also relatively small and has a maximum altitude of only 1,663 feet (507 meters). Easter Island also has no permanent source of freshwater.Easter Islands climate is considered subtropical maritime. It has mild winters and year-round cool temperatures and abundant precipitation. The lowest average July temperature on Easter Island is around 64 F (18 C) while its highest temperatures are in February and average about 82 F (28 C).Like many Pacific Islands, the physical landscape of Easter Island is dominated by volcanic topography and it was formed geologically by three extinct volcanoes. Easter Island is considered a distinct eco-region by ecologists. At the time of its initial colonization, the island is believed to have been dominated by large broadleaf forests and palm. Today, however, Easter Island has very few trees and is mainly covered with grasses and shrubs. Sources Diamond, Jared. 2005. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. Penguin Books: New York, New York.Easter Island. (March 13, 2010). Wikipedia.Rapa Nui National Park. (March 14, 2010). UNESCO World Heritage.

Halloween Traditions in France and French Vocabulary

Halloween Traditions in France and French Vocabulary Halloween is a relatively new thing in France. Some people will tell you that its a Celtic celebration, which has been celebrated in parts of France (Brittany) for centuries. OK, it may have been something important for some people, but nothing that reached the general public of France. All Saint Day: La Toussaint in France Traditionally in France, we celebrate the Catholic holiday of la Toussaint, which is on November 1. Its a rather sad celebration when family mourn their dead  and go to the cemetery to clean up the tombs, bring flowers and pray. There is often a family meal, but no special tradition about the food. We bring des chrysanthà ¨mes (a type of flower usually called mums, from the Latin chrysanthemum) because they still bloom at this time of the year. Celebrating Halloween is now "in" in France However, things are changing. If I remember well, it started in the early 90s. Celebrating Halloween became fashionable among young adults, especially among people who liked to travel. I remember going to a Halloween party at a very trendy friend when I was 20, and I fell I was in the it crowd!!   Nowadays, shops and trademarks use the images of Halloween, pumpkins, skeletons etc†¦ in their ads, so now, French people know it well, and some even start to celebrate Halloween with their kids. Why not? The French traditionally love to get in costumes, and its quite common to have a costumed New Year party or a costumed birthday, even more so among kids. French Teacher Love Halloween Additionally, Halloween is a great opportunity to teach some English words to kids. French kids start to learn English in elementary school. Its merely an introduction to the English language (dont expect  a fluent conversation out of a 10-year-old), but since kids would do pretty much anything for candies, elementary school teachers jump at the opportunity and often organize a costume  parade, and some trick or treating. Note, however, it never gets to tricks!! Most French homes will not have candies, and would be furious if their house got toilet papered!! French Halloween Vocabulary La Toussaint – All Saint DayLe trente et un octobre – 31st of OctoberHalloween – halloween (say it the French way â€Å"a lo ween†)Friandises ou bà ªtises/ Des bonbons ou un sort – treat or trickSe dà ©guiser  (en) – to wear a costume, to dress-up asJe me dà ©guise en sorcià ¨re – I am wearing a witch costume, I am dressing-up as a witchSculpter une citrouille – to carve a pumpkinFrapper la porte – to knock on the doorSonner la sonnette – to ring the bellFaire peur quelqu’un – to scare someoneAvoir peur  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ to be scaredDonner des bonbons – to give candiesUn dà ©guisement, un costume – a costumeUn fantà ´me – a ghostUn vampire – a vampireUne sorcià ¨re – a witchUne princesse – a princessUn squelette – a skeletonUn à ©pouvantail – a scarecrowUn diable – a devilUne momie – a mummyUn monstre – a monsterUne ch auve-souris – a batUne araignà ©e – a spiderUne toile d’araignà ©e – a spider webUn chat noir – a black catUn potiron, une citrouille – a pumpkinUne bougie – a candleDes bonbons – candies

Project2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project2 - Essay Example An FMCG company requires heavy capital investment because from product development to marketing and advertising, capital is necessary in every sector. Moreover, FMCG companies are no more limited to a particular geographic location; instead they are pursuing overseas ventures. Therefore, threat of new entrant at international market is relatively limited. P&G is one of the reputed FMCG companies and its brand, Head & Shoulders is well-recognized in the hair care industry. Consequently, it can be suggested that threat of new entrant is limited for the company and the product (Reuters, 2013). FMCG industry is one of those industries that are heavily vulnerable to substitution, as local as well as a number of international brands are taking entry in the industry on a regular basis. However, studies suggest that P&G is a global leader in the hair care segment and have more than 20 percent of market share thereof from Pantene and Head &Shoulders (Reuters, 2013). The company has invested significantly in marketing and brand building of Head & Shoulders. The outcome is that the brand image is spreading from that of a medicated shampoo to a mass consumer product. Head & Shoulders is often marketed using celebrity endorsement which has significant positive impact on consumer buying behavior. Therefore, it can be suggested that threat of substitute is relatively less for the product (Reuters, 2013). Purchasing behavior of consumers has significant impact on revenue of FMCG companies. However, consumer buying pattern is strongly influenced by number of competitors or substitute products and their prices within the industry. It was ascertained that consumers have relatively strong bargaining power as the choices in hair care products in large and are mostly from well-known brands such as Unilever, L’Oreal, Colgate-Palmolive and Johnson & Johnson. These companies are

FDT 1 week 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FDT 1 week 11 - Essay Example Closely related to political is the Mexican public concern about the extradition. Mexico does not always extradite its citizens to countries where they might face the death punishment given that execution is specifically prohibited under article 22 of the counties Constitution, and it is likely that if extradited, Guzmà ¡n would easily face it as the agreement between the countries are not clear and since the capital sentence power in the US is reserved exclusively for the states. Diplomatically, the Mexican relationship with United States highly depends on the decision Peà ±a Nieto will make. The Mexican diplomatic connection with users can further worsen as USA has in the past accused the country of lack of corporation (Shearer, 1971). Whether Guzmà ¡n is extradited or not there is always social concern that drug business and cartel may continue with their trade. This proves a challenge to the potential users. Legally, extradition also has consequences as it exposes the Mexican government incapability to try the drug lords. On the other hand, the legal procedures are also complex as laws of various countries contradict in

Gibson and Fender Marketing Mix

Gibson and Fender Marketing Mix Introduction 1.1. Background A guitar is an indispensable musical instrument for playing a variety of music, such as jazz and pop music. Because of Chinese economy grows and an increasing number of consumers interest in music develops, China is becoming an essential market for guitar companies. Most guitar users own at least one guitar which can provide them their favorite tones. For the demand for different types of guitar making dissimilar tones, there are many producers that have been manufacturing guitars for a number of years such as Ibanez and ESP. However, the two quality makers, Gibson and Fender, stated by Gearpipe (2007), have the best sales volume at a high price. Gibson Guitar Corp (2010 a) mentions that Gibson is an American establishment which began in 1904 whose main product is electric guitar. Another leading guitar company is Fender. According to Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (2010 a), Fender began in 1946 in The USA which is not only adept at making electric guitars, but electric basse s and other products as well. 1.2. Theory 1.2.1. Market Segmentation All about economic on the web (2010) shows that as peoples different needs and wants, market segmentation is becoming increasing stable for business. The definition of market segmentation is dividing a market into a number of sub-markets based on some sort of particular features. 1.2.2. Marketing Mix According to Hall et al (2008), marketing mix is the elements of a market which are designed to satisfy consumers needs and wants. There are basically four Ps of marketing mix. The four Ps are product, price, promotion and place. 1.3. Aims There are three aims of this report. The initial one is to analyze the market segmentation of Gibson and Fender for Chinese consumers and comparing the marketing mix from different angles in the findings part. Moreover, evaluating and comparing these two firms from both positive and negative ways is another target in the discussion. Finally, recommendations in the conclusion show suggestions of development for Gibson and Fender companies in China. Findings 2.1. Market Segmentation The market segmentation of Gibson should be guitar players who are affluent and interested in old fashion music. Gibson Guitar Corp (2010 b) demonstrates that Gibson guitars are much more expansive than its competitors. In addition, Gibson electric guitars are almost all be designed in the same style which can often attract buyers who are the big fans of old fashion style. Fender mainly aims at attracting electric guitar and bass players who are wealthy and crazy about nowadays music. Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (2010 b) shows that its products are costly which are designed in an extremely popular style with modern tone. 2.2. Marketing Mix 2.2.1. Product Gibson is a world-wide guitar company. According to Gibson Guitar Corps (2010 c) demonstration, the major product of this company, undeniably, is the electric guitar. The Gibson Les Paul and the Gibson SG are the most salable and classical types of product that are always in the same shape with limited colors. Gibson targets guitar players who play heavy metal. Therefore, the tone of Gibson electric guitars sounds highly heavy and quite suitable for performing heavy metal. Guitarz (2008) introduces that the famous lead guitar player Angus Young who was playing in a heavy metal band, ACDC, is using a guitar made by Gibson. Fender is also a well-running guitar establishment. Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (2010 c) explains that despite the electric guitar, Fender is also well-known for other products such as modern styles electric basses and amplifiers. Fender has been trying to make its products can be used to play jazz, blues and pop-rock. Thus it is found that Fender guitars tone is awfully soft and clean. An example of musician who is using Fender to play pop music is Eric Johnson (Eric Johnson, N.D.). 2.2.2. Price By analyzing data from Smarter (2010), Price of Gibson merchandise is frequently higher than other guitar producers. The same as Gibson, Fender products cost consumers considerably. Undoubtedly, with such a high price, the quality of products from these two businesses is usually better than other companies for their unique technique. However, Gibson and Fender not only make high quality guitars to the rich. Both of them own subsidiary companies (Squier and Epiphone) for making lower-quality guitars for green hands playing guitar and who find that it is difficult to afford the guitars which are completely pricey(Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, 2010 d; Gibson Guitar Corp, 2010 d). 2.2.3. Promotion Gibson Company has only one effective major promotion that is product endorsement by asking famous rock stars to use its guitars. One example is, Gibson Guitar Corp (2010 e) states that Slash Les Paul which is shown in the picture is designed for a famous rock guitar player, Slash. This is such an impactful measure to promote Slashs fans to buy this guitar. (Gibson Guitar Corp, 2010 f) Similarly, Fender promotes in the same way. For instance, in the picture, there is Roger Waters Precision Bass which is a late-model electric bass of Fender that is named for a celebrated bass player, Roger Waters and recommending his fans to spend money on this bass (Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, 2010 e). What is more, Fender Centre (N.D.) reported that Fender frequently do public relations for promotion such as donates to poor children which is such a nice way to obtain public approval. (Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, 2010 f) 2.2.4. Place Selling place for Gibson and Fender are not even slightly different. There are mainly to locations types are involved. Firstly, is provision of products to retailers so that consumers can buy them which are displayed in musical stores. However, in China, there are few musical stores selling their products. As a result, another approach is to sell their merchandise online which is a convenient shortcut for customers who live in places where musical shop do not exist. Their online shops are available on their respective web-site. Discussion Comparing the market segmentation, Gibson pays mass attention on making guitars providing to metal and hard-rock players who fancy old style. The obviously edge is that Gibson can manufacture professional electric guitars to win more market share. However, Changing of fashion or other factors may cause a sharp decline of demand. By contrast, Fender is radically different. It has been making diverse musical equipments for an amount of fanciers of jazz, blues and pop-rock who are following the up to date fashion. The vantage is the problems caused by diversification of consumers taste and popularity will never be faced. A serious drawback is making the market over-broad. Further, the marketing mix is analogous between these two companies instead of their products considering their distinctive brand culture causing characteristic products. Additionally, Fender might achieve more public praise for its effort to public relations. Conclusion 4.1. Recommendations Although Gibson and Fender have obtained a high market share and public praise, it is still necessary to have further improvement. By do surveys to obtain information from 60 guitar players, there are three suggestions for each company depending on the surveys result which is shown below. 4.1.1. Recommendations for Gibson There are three recommendations for Gibson. First of all, it is applicable to manufacture guitars into dissimilar shapes and colors. The changeless shape and boring colors cannot satisfy today consumers. Additionally, it is practicable to make an effort to produce other musical instruments. Whats important should be done is to make more lower-level product for most Chinese are not wealthy enough hoping to buy their first guitars of good quality. Although there is Epiphone as the subsidiary company producing elementary product for novices, customers still hope to buy Gibson rather than Epiphone. (Reasons for refuse to buy Gibson products) 4.1.2. Recommendations for Fender There are three suggestions are provided to Fender. One method is to make products which can be not only high quality, but also unusual and special catching buyers eyes to gain more market share from competitors. What is more, Fender should focus on Chinese market by selling its merchandise to more retailers so that consumers can buy Fender products easily. Marking lower-level products as cash cows with affordable price to segment consumers who are interested in guitar but have not enough money is an acceptable strategy to improve sales volumes as well. (Reasons for refuse to buy Fender products) 4.2. Summary To sum up, both Gibson and Fender are immensely successful. The most essential factor for Gibson to achieve the success is to concentrates on electric guitar and making Les Paul and SG becoming world-wide triumphant. For Fender, the most momentous reason should be a broad enough market for with generally higher quality and public relation than its competitors. Other factors causing success, such as product endorsement, are notable too. It is firmly believed that as Chinese market becomes increasingly important, Gibson and Fender may find more methods to take on this market.

Example Creative Project Analysis as Film Studies Essay

In my storyboard I started with normal diegetic sound to create the normal, realistic atmosphere of sounds such as gates creaking and the wind blowing. This is so the audience is aware of the surroundings, considering no establishing shot was used prior to this to show the setting also generates a dark and mysterious atmosphere to begin with, leaving it to the audience’s imagination to guess what is going to happen as no hints to the genre have even been made yet. Then we have non-diegetic sound as music influenced by the beat from Jaws starts to play. This makes the audience feel uneasy and unusual as they realise something bad may happen because of the sinister music. I was conscious of the significant use of music to create atmosphere within the horror genre and therefore wanted the soundtrack to emphasise the tension on screen. The music gets louder and louder as the attacker gets closer to the victim to emphasise the fact that there is danger ahead and something bad is clearly about to happen. The music stops just before the murder as the girl screams as it is inevitable now that the girl is going to die, it builds up tension more and pulls you into a false sense of security. At the end the only sound we hear is the diegetic sound of the attacker laughing, this is so all the focus is on her and shows she has no guilt over what she has done, leaving the audience wondering about the character so it keeps it interesting and intriguing for them to watch. Costume is used in this storyboard to show normalcy. The attacker is dressed like a normal teenage girl so the audience can somehow relate to her as well as the other character and to suggest she is just another typical modern girl, which is why it is a shock to the audience when she kills the other girl and impacts so greatly. The killer in this film is also a female because they are usually seen to be damsels in distress that need saving so you’d never expect her to kill someone, which is another way I have attempted to make the film be original and shock the audience. Women serial killers may not be as strong as a male would be but they have a bigger impact on the victims and on the audience watching, the influence for this idea comes from films such as Friday The 13th, Audition and Phenomena. The props in this storyboard are also significant, especially the use of the knife in the picture when the attacker is at the door. The use of the knife is taken from the 1996 slasher/horror film scream which greatly influenced the film and how the killing took place, this is to help when marketing to a specific target audience and so the audience can have something to compare the film too without it being too over-predictable. In picture 10, the girl is being killed and has a teddy bear in her hand; this is to imply she is young, innocent and vulnerable and also shows that she is just a normal child in the comfort of her own home and was not expecting anything like that to happen, which is an effective contrast to when she is being stabbed. The lighting used was very dim and minimal throughout as it was shot at night so the killer could hide in the shadows effectively to make her seem mysterious at first and to make the audience wonder about her. This is to play on the audience’s natural fear of the dark and shadows, which is a usual characteristic of the genre and is seen in many other horror films. The main camera shots used where over the shoulder shots and point of view shots from the killer itself, this is so the audience can actually identify with the killer and the audience will drive pleasure from the actions of the killer because if the audience is there to see a horror film they expect there to be deaths and blood as it is typical of the genre itself to play on natural human fears. During the attack there is rapid use of camera movement such as a zoom used to intensify the stabbing action and to put it in clear perspective for the audience. The extreme close up at the end is also used to emphasise on the psychotic glare of the killer as she laughs and is meant to unnerve the audience. In my creative sequence I wanted to use micro features in keeping with the horror genre in order to create audience response. My choice of sound, mise en scene and cinematography was done so to maximise the effect of my chosen scene and to effectively make a different type of horror film with an addition of originality and an addition of normal generic conventions, overall I think it was successful.

An insight into Zara as a Born Global Essay

Zara was first established just outside of Spain in1988, in 1994 Zara expanded into France and Mexico (Bhardwaj et al, 2010). Zara is owned by the INIDEX group in which it contributes to 64.8 per cent of total company sales (Inidex annual report, 2011) which was a 10 per cent growth on the previous fiscal year. Zara now has over 1830 stores worldwide across 82 markets in 64 countries, with plans to move into Korea, Egypt, Ukraine and Montenegro and a further 80 store to open in Russia. This research paper identifies Zara as a born-global company and a global leader in fast fashion by firstly differentiating between a born global and gradual global company. Secondly we investigate three main internationalisation theories which will help us gain greater understanding into the success of Zara and finally importance in which the marco-environmental factors and marketing mix play in creating a company which is unique, controlled and adaptable to new markets. Zara as a born global Understanding the difference between a gradual-global versus a born global fashion retailer is key to identifying Zara as a born global. Traditionally, firms gain knowledge over time about the marco-environmental factors and the level of investment in which they should commit to (Galvan-Sanchez, et al., 2010). Examples of companies that use the ‘gradual global process’ include Mark & Spencer and the GAP. Born-global’s, according to Bhardwaj et al, 2010 focus on early and rapid internationalization. Therefore we identify that the difference between a born global and a gradual global lies in the international process and three main theories; knowledge-sharing and entry mode, resource based, and physic distance. Let’s look at these internationalisation theories in more detail by first identify the difference between a born global and a gradual global approach. A Born global is assertive and perceives the world as one market place with utilising the local market as the core of the internationalisation process (Bhardwaj et al, 2010) whereas gradual global firms believe that domestic market is the core support and aversion and lack of knowledge results in slow learning process. Born-global maintain long-term relationships with intermediaries, are fully integrated and consider the marketplace as  homogenous whereas gradual global are partially integrated and consider the marketplace as heterogeneous (Basu, et al., 2011).. Lastly a born-global believes psychic distance is irrelevant in the internationalisation process whereas gradual global assume that the firms entry into a new market is a function of psychic distance from prior experience (Bhardwaj et al, 2010). Knowledge sharing and entry mode Knowledge sharing is the flow of information sharing within a company and is consider a major competitive advantage (Basu, et al., 2011). When a company expands into a foreign market forward knowledge flow is important (Galvan-Sanchez ,et al., 2010) as managerial experience and business structure can be communicated to newer stores from head-office. More importantly to this report lateral knowledge flow commutates vital marco-environmental information from the foreign market location back to headquarters for example Zara has three stores in Dubai in which they sell clothes predominately covering the shoulders and offer more conservative style to respect local culture (Bhardwaj et al, 2010). Communicating and integrating culture which include shared values and norms is vital in the strategy development process (Galvan-Sanchez, et al., 2010). According to Indiex 2011 annual report environmental factors also play a vital part in the success of their line limnetic difference with the stores located in the Northern Hemisphere, Zara has a team of designers who create specific fashion proposals for women, men and children. The latest trends are thus reflected in garments and textiles that are suitable for both hemispheres, in options which are continually renewed. Knowledge sharing is also crucial in selecting the appropriate entry mode into a new market which includes licensing, joint venture/subsidiaries to name a few (Bhardwaj et al, 2010). Zara is identified as selecting a licensing entry mode into new market which lowers risk on investment but increases communication and management overtime. Resource based theory Resource based theory is focused on asset exploiting foreign investment and suggests that ownership-specific advantages provide Zara with a resource based framework which is valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and not substitutable (Bhardwaj et al., 2011). Zara is a vertically integrated  company and is not hierarchal which helps create pseudo-backward integration (Basu, et al. 2011). Zara’s success also comes from training and employing local workers in new stores which provides relevant feedback and creates job growth (Rennie, 1993) which in turn can provide valuable information for future marketing strategy and promotion (Galvan-Sanchez, et al., 2010). The Zara brand is also known for being up-to-the-minute and affordable due to its highly developed technological communication which feeds POS and store information directly back to headquarters to be analysed (Inidex annual report, 2011) and adjusted to ensure succession in the local market which ensures that price, place ment, product and type of promotion are remaining relevant and unique in the local market. These advantages have created strong positive response from foreign markets making its resource-based advantages and high-control strategy difficult to replicate (Bhardwaj et al., 2011). Psychic distance This theory deals with the relationship between the differing cultures in which a company deals with and is important in the understanding of the effects that the marco-environment have on the marketing mix. The key to Zara’s acceleration into foreign markets lies in competing in niche markets, which are flexible and move fast (Rennie, 1993) and is successful due to its knowledge gathering and sharing strategies implemented at the store level (Bhardwaj et al., 2011) in each market it enters. Understanding and respecting local political and legal powers, for example local taxes and governing powers that can effect price and product helps align the companies goals and objectives with the localised market without causing conflict of interest (Galvan-Sanchez, et al., 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, this article identifies Zara as a born global retailer which demonstrates that the companies knowledge sharing capability, unique strategy, high-risk, high-reward model based on its unique resource based advantages and psychic distance is paramount to the success of its internationalisation expansion and becoming a global leader in fast fashion. Reference List Basu, C., Cavusgil, E, Kim D., & Naidu G.M., 2011. ‘The innovativeness of Born-Globals and customer orientation: Learning from Indian Born-Globals,’ Journal of Business Research, 21/3, 879-886. Bhardwaj, V., Eickman, M., & Runyan R, C., 2010. ‘A Case study on the internationalisation process of a ‘born-global- fashion retailer: Zara,’ The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 21/3, 293-307. Galvan-Sanchez, I., Riaph-Criado, A., & Suarez-Ortega S.A., 2010. ‘A configuration-holistic approach to born-global firms strategy formation process,’ European Management Journal, 28, 108-123. Inidex. 2013. Annual Report 2011. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.inditex.com/en/shareholders_and_investors/investor_relations/annual_reports. [Accessed 10 April 13]. Rennie, M.W, 1993. ‘Born Global,’ The McKinsey Quarterly, 4, 45-52.

Nicholas Copernicus The Father Of Modern Science

Galileo Galilei, the most renowned scientist of the Renaissance period, or the â€Å"father of modern science† was known as a jack-of-all-trades: he was an astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician just to name a few. But perhaps what he is most known for is spurring the scientific revolution in the late seventeenth century. Galileo challenged what was then considered common knowledge for almost 30 years: for example, the idea of a heliocentric universe. The most controversial of these ideas was embracing the theories of Nicholas Copernicus. Not only did he embrace Copernicus’ ideas, but expanded and substantiated them. The consequences of these actions were multiple trials with the Church regarding his work and later†¦show more content†¦Even when he was a young boy in Pisa, Italy, Galileo showed signs of genius, but he also showed signs of being a rebel. A rebellious spirit would get him in a lot of trouble later on in his life. It is sp eculated that he received some early schooling in Pisa; In fact, during his early student years in Pisa, Galileo is said to have made the observation that would one day make him famous. He noticed the lamp in the sanctuary swung like a pendulum from the cathedral ceiling and to have discovered the time taken for a swing was independent of the size of the arc. By this point, in Galileo’s life, it was clear that medicine was not the right field for him. Due to the discovery of his talents in mathematics and philosophy he dropped out of college without a degree in medicine. Even before he began to look focus on what his new discoveries meant, Galileo considered himself a Copernican or a follower of Copernicus. He especially respected Copernicus’ work in and ideas about astronomy. In 1610, 25 years after he dropped out of university, he became aware of a telescope developed by a regular correspondent of his, Johannes Kepler. Galileo rushed to construct his own, and soon after, he announced many new astronomical discoveries. Some of these included his discovery that the Milky Way is made up of innumerable stars and his observation of the satellites of Jupiter. Already, at a young age, Galileo had begun toShow MoreRelatedNicholas Copernicus : Heroes And Villains933 Words   |  4 Pageswords of Stephen Mizwa, Nicholas Copernicus â€Å"stopped the sun and set the earth in motion. Nicholas Copernicus was the astronomer who formed the heliocentric theory, which states that the Sun is the center of the universe and that all planets orbit the Sun. This drastic idea would fundamentally change astronomy and led to the Scientific Revolution, a period when scientific research skyrocketed, even though there was resistance from the religious leaders of the time. Copernicus was a hero because hisRead MoreThe Contributions Of Nicholas Copernicus1684 Words   |  7 PagesToday Nicholas Copernicus is commonly known as the Father of Modern Astronomy. Over his lifetime he made many amazing contributions to the world of science. His love for astronomy first began when he was attending a university and from there it only grew. In his time some of his ideas were considered absurd, some were even frowned upon by the church. Though some of his theories were proven untrue, they have led to further study and new ideas of the ast ronomical world and have highly impacted theRead MoreEssay on The Scientific Revolution1263 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess of science than of a goal to achieve scientific knowledge.3 At the time just prior to the revolution, ideas and thoughts had been based strictly around faith and not scientific reasoning. The founders of the revolution took a leap of faith into an unknown realm of science and experimentation. Four of the many brilliant founders of the Scientific Revolution; Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Brahe, used previous scientific principles and their own genius to make advances in science that areRead MoreRenaissance Art : The Renaissance And The Renaissance852 Words   |  4 Pagesthink of the Renaissance as the â€Å"gateway â€Å" to the modern world. Many contributed to The Renaissance. Perhaps the most known are Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, however those such as Raphael and Nicholas Copernicus were key components of the movement. Raphael was born on April 6,1843 in Urbino, Italy, a cultural center that encouraged the arts. His father, Giovanni Santi, was too a painter and taught Raphael basic techniques. Unfortunately, his father died with he was only 11 years old. He then tookRead MoreThe Impact of Scientific Revolution on Physics as an Independent Field of Study1214 Words   |  5 PagesTHE EFFECT OF SCIENTIFIC EVOLUTION ON PHYSICS AS AN INDEPENDENT FIELD OF STUDY INTRODUCTION The early period of the seventeenth century is known as the â€Å"scientific revolution† for the drastic changes evidenced approach to science . The word â€Å"revolution† connotes a period of turmoil and social upheaval where ideas about the world change severely and a completely new era of academic thought is ushered in. This term, therefore, describes quite accurately what took place in the scientific communityRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution of the 17th Century616 Words   |  2 Pagesimportant periods in human history took place in the 16th and 17th century. We refer to it now as the Scientific Revolution. This period of scientific discovery led to a new age of understanding about the universe and our place in it. Some of the modern mathematics that we use today were invented during this period. Until this time, the way we understood our place in the universe was based on the views of philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato. We believed in things like the world was the centerRead MoreGalileo Galilei was one of the most influential scientists of the Renaissance period. He was a1800 Words   |  8 PagesGalile o Galilei was one of the most influential scientists of the Renaissance period. He was a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, a philosopher. He integrated the independent sciences of math and physics, and unified them. The popular view of the world, due to the Church overall power, at the time was Aristotles theory that the the universe was geocentric or that the Earth was at the center of the universe.. Galileo went against that common belief and declared to the world that the Earth is notRead MorePhysics 11373 Words   |  6 Pagessystem. Though we know it to be true today, in the time of Copernicus, and Galileo after him, the idea that Earth was not the center of the solar system was considered radical and caused both Copernicus and Galileo to conflict with the Roman Catholic Church. In fact, the Copernican theory was denounced by the Pope as â€Å"dangerous to the faith† in 1616 and Galileo was warned not to uphold it or teach it. Galileo has been called the father of modern physics and for good reason. Many scientists have tracedRead MoreHistory of Trigonometry4574 Words   |  19 PagesSimilar tables were developed by other civilizations such as the Indians and Greeks. Greek mathematics Shadow tables were the primary development in creation of trigonometry however the Greeks really developed Trigonometry into an ordered science. The Greeks continued as the Babylonians astronomers did and studied the relation between angles and circles in lengths of chords to develop their theories on planetary position and motion (Mankiewicz, 2001). [pic] The chord of an angle subtendsRead MoreEssay on Global History from the 15th Century2523 Words   |  11 Pagessupplemented by ambitious political rulers who wanted to extend their power and control at the expense of the Church. The Reformation ended the unity imposed by medieval Christianity and, in the eyes of many historians, signaled the beginning of the modern era. A weakening of the old order was already under way in Northern Europe, as evidenced by the emergence of thriving new cities and a determined middle class. The Catholic Reformation was to clarify differences between Roman and Protestant churches